![]() This marked the first of at least 21 California missions, which were often accompanied by presidios and pueblos (small towns). The first Spanish soldiers and priests traveled and established a presidio (military fort) and mission church in San Diego. California MissionsĬoncerned about Russian and English encroachment on western New Spain territory, Spain ordered an expedition north from Baja Mexico in 1769. The population was gradually decimated, first in the 18th century by disease and forced labor in Spanish missions, and then in the late 19th century by American settlers. When Spanish missionaries first came to California in the mid-1700s, the native population was estimated to be about 30,000-or 13 percent of the total Indigenous population in North America at the time. ![]() More than 500 tribes, each with their unique culture, developed across the state, such as the Pomo, Tolowa, Miwok, Maidu, Cahto, Wintun, Cahuilla, Chemehuevi, Chumash, Karok, Mojave, Yokuts, Paiute and Modoc. ![]() California’s mountain ranges and deserts isolated Native American tribes from each other, and they lived in peaceful family clans with little political structure. The first people migrated to California nearly 20,000 years ago from Asia across the Bering Straits. ![]()
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